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Symptoms - Bladder problems 

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Problems with the bladder may result in urinary incontinence (accidental leak of urine) or urine retention (incomplete emptying) – and some of the signs of urinary incontinence include:

  • small or large amounts of urine leaking without warning or without feeling the urge to go to the toilet
  • urine accidentally leaking when sneezing, coughing, laughing or exercising
  • a sudden urge to rush to the toilet either before or during the leaking of urine
  • urine escaping before getting to a toilet
  • the need to get up to pass urine two or more times a night
  • recent wetting of the bed

The most common types of urinary incontinence are stress urinary incontinence (SUI), urge urinary incontinence and mixed urinary incontinence.

  • Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) occurs when the muscles in the pelvic floor, under sudden pressure (stress) on the abdomen, are too weak to hold the urethral sphincters closed. The result is an accidental leak of urine during everyday activities such as sneezing, coughing, laughing or exercising.
  • Urge urinary incontinence (unstable or overactive bladder) is caused by involuntary, uncontrolled contractions of the muscle in the bladder. This results in a sudden urge to go to the toilet, and accidental urine leakage before reaching the toilet.
  • Mixed urinary incontinence is a combination of stress urinary incontinence and urge urinary incontinence.
Neurogenic bladder
Neurogenic bladder is the term for a bladder that malfunctions due to neurological problems. Because the bladder is controlled by nerves, neurological diseases or damage to the nervous system can affect bladder function and the process of urination. Neurogenic bladder can develop due to:

Urinary symptoms vary depending on where the neurological damage occurs and how severe it is. Bladder over-activity (spastic bladder) is associated with symptoms of urge incontinence, while sphincter under-activity (affecting the muscles that control the passage of urine out of the bladder) results in symptoms of stress incontinence. Some neurologic disorders can cause urinary retention or completely prevent the bladder from emptying.

Find out more
Read about the treatments or see the bladder problems FAQs.

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